Terrorism is the term that refers to the use of pressure, intimidation and all kinds of violent roads against civilians, designated target groups or official, local and general governments in order to achieve political, religious and / or economic goals. However, this statement is a highly controversial concept and there is no academic or international consensus on it. States that use their power and powers in this direction can also be judged with this concept within the scope of state terrorism due to war crimes or human rights violations. Similarly, there may be similar trials as a result of state-sponsored terrorism, which does not directly use state bodies, but defines support for organizations by the ruling group or party. Many scholars have pointed out that the actions of various governments can also be marked as "terrorism". Governments holding power in a country or region can label a resisting movement as "terrorism"
Despite the validity of the term terrorism in its legal differences, its definition still remains uncertain. The problem with this definition is how to define the definition of terrorism by the actions of groups defined as freedom fighters by many people, organizations or countries.
The word "terreur", which is translated to French, is of Latin origin (Latin terror). The word "terror" in Latin is derived from the verb "terreo". The meaning of the verb "Terreo" is "scare". Deriving from here, terror means "great fear, horror, or object of fear and horror".
Today there are over 109 different definitions of terrorism. American political philosopher Michael Walzer in 2002 wrote: "Terrorism is the deliberate killing of innocent people, at random, to spread fear through a whole population and force the hand of its political leaders". Bruce Hoffman, an American scholar, has noted that "It is not only individual agencies within the same governmental apparatus that cannot agree on a single definition of terrorism". Experts and other long-established scholars in the field are equally incapable of reaching a consensus.
C. A. J. Coady has written that the question of how to define terrorism is "irresolvable" because "its natural home is in polemical, ideological and propagandist contexts".
For the first time, the French Revolution gives a new dimension to the definition of the word terrorism. The Convention, which was authorized to run in France in the early years of the French Revolution, is deemed necessary to take extraordinary measures because of their concern for the occupation of the country by the foreign powers and because they think that the civil unrest inside may harm the revolution. To this end, they equip the Committee Responsible for Public Safety (Comité de salut public) with almost dictatorial powers. On September 5, 1793, the Convention reveals Terrorism (la Terreur) against anti-revolutionists with a statement: "It's time to terrify all the conspirators. Lawmen, start terrorism." Maximilien Robespierre, head of the committee for public safety, would be a fervent defender of Terrorism, and would lead the execution of thousands of people in a year after his appointment, until he was executed on 28 July 1794 for despot crimes. This sank in history as an example of terrorism carried out by the state with its form of executions that were decided without extra judgment and the fear it left on the people. This is also called revolutionary terrorism.
Red Terrorism is a general nomenclature given to all actions such as attacks, suicides against the Bolsheviks who came to power after the October Revolution and mass arrest, extrajudicial execution made by Cheka (The All-Russian Extraordinary Commission). While the 5 th Congress of All-Russian Soviets was ongoing, the Congress officially accepted the idea of using red terrorism, following the emergence of the Left SR uprising and subsequent numerous assassinations against the Bolsheviks. In Lev Trotsky's book released in 1920 named "Defense of Terrorism", for the bourgeois class, "We have to take this class apart and break it. Red Terrorism is a weapon used against a class that does not want to be destroyed, despite being destructed." statements are included.
So far, the etymology, definition and history of the terrorism were classified. But we all agree that it is also one of the main global problems today. And the following article on this topic will include recent history, current situation and give some offers how to solve it.
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